480 English words
Common English verbs
The most useful English verbs, with their meanings, irregular forms and the patterns they are used in.
Words
A
- accedeverbC2to agree to a request or demand, often after first refusingThe company eventually acceded to the workers’ demands.
- acceptverbA2to take or agree to something that is offeredShe accepted the job offer right away.
- accordverbC1to give someone respect, status or a particular kind of treatmentVisiting leaders are accorded the highest honors.
- acquiesceverbC2to accept or agree to something quietly, often without really wanting toAfter a long argument, she acquiesced to their plan.
- actverbA2to do something, especially to deal with a situationThe government must act quickly to stop the flooding.
- addverbA1to put something together with something elseAdd some salt to the soup.
- addressverbA1to start dealing with a problemThe company needs to address customer complaints.
- admitverbB1to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true or that you did something wrongHe admitted that he had lied.
- admonishverbC2to tell someone firmly that they have done something wrongThe judge admonished the lawyer for interrupting.
- advocateverbC1to publicly recommend or support an idea or policyDoctors advocate regular exercise for older people.
- affectverbB1to cause a change in someone or somethingLack of sleep can affect your memory.
- afflictverbC2to cause pain, illness or serious problems to someone or somethingThe region has been afflicted by drought for years.
- ageverbA1to become older, or to look olderHe has aged a lot since his illness.
- agreeverbA1to have the same opinion as someoneI agree with you about the movie.
- allegeverbC1to say that someone has done something wrong, without giving proofThe report alleges that officials accepted bribes.
- allowverbA2to give someone permission to do somethingMy parents don’t allow me to stay out late.
- amountverbB1amount to: to add up to a totalThe bill amounted to $200.
- answerverbA1to reply to a question, letter or callPlease answer the phone.
- appealverbB2to be attractive or interesting to someone, used with “to”The game appeals to players of all ages.
- appearverbB1to seemHe appears to be very tired.
- appeaseverbC2to calm someone by giving them what they wantThe government tried to appease the protesters with promises.
- appendverbC1to add something to the end of a document or piece of writingA list of sources is appended to the report.
- applyverbB1to ask formally for something, usually in writingI applied for a job at the bank.
- appointverbB2to officially choose someone for a job or positionShe was appointed head of the department last year.
- approachverbB2to come nearer to someone or somethingA stranger approached me on the street.
- arbitrateverbC2to officially judge a disagreement between two sides as a neutral personA retired judge was asked to arbitrate the dispute.
- argueverbB1to speak angrily to someone because you disagreeMy brothers argue about everything.
- arriveverbA1to get to a place, especially at the end of a tripWe arrived at the hotel at midnight.
- ascertainverbC2to find out for certain whether something is true or what the facts arePolice are trying to ascertain the cause of the fire.
- askverbA1to say or write a question to get informationCan I ask you a question?
- assailverbC2to attack someone violently or criticize them stronglyThe minister was assailed by reporters with questions.
- assentverbC2to agree to a request, idea or suggestionHe assented to the proposal with a nod.
- assertverbC1to state firmly that something is trueThe lawyer asserted that her client was innocent.
- assumeverbB2to believe something is true without proofI assumed you knew about the meeting.
- attackverbB1to try to hurt someone or damage something using violenceThe dog attacked a man in the park.
- attributeverbC1to say or believe that something is caused by or belongs to someone or somethingShe attributes her success to hard work.
- avoidverbB1to stay away from someone or somethingI try to avoid driving at rush hour.
B
- bankverbA1bank on: to depend on something happeningDon’t bank on getting a refund.
- baseverbB1base on: to use something as the starting point for something elseThe movie is based on a true story.
- beverbA1used to describe or identify a person or thingMy sister is a doctor.
- beatverbB1to win against someone in a game or competitionWe beat them 3–1.
- becomeverbA2to begin to be somethingShe wants to become a doctor.
- beginverbA1to start doing something or to start happeningThe movie begins at eight.
- beguileverbC2to charm or attract someone, sometimes in a way that deceives themVisitors are beguiled by the island’s beauty.
- believeverbA1to think that something is trueI believe she is telling the truth.
- benefitverbB1to be helped by something, or to help someoneEveryone will benefit from the new park.
- beseechverbC2to ask someone for something in an urgent, emotional wayShe beseeched him to stay.
- besiegeverbC2to surround a place with an army to force it to surrenderThe army besieged the city for months.
- bestowverbC2to give an honor, gift or title to someone, formallyThe award was bestowed on her by the president.
- boardverbA2to get on a plane, train or shipPassengers may now board the plane.
- boastverbB2to talk too proudly about yourself or what you haveHe’s always boasting about his expensive car.
- boltverbC1to suddenly run away very fast, usually from fearThe horse bolted when it heard the gunshot.
- bookverbA1to arrange to have a seat, room or ticket at a future timeWe booked a table for four.
- bornverbA1be born: to come out of your mother’s body at the start of lifeI was born in 1998.
- boxverbA1to fight with your fists as a sportHe boxed for ten years.
- breakverbA1to make something separate into pieces or stop workingBe careful not to break the glass.
- bringverbA1to take someone or something with you to a placeCan you bring some drinks to the party?
- brookverbC2to allow or accept something, used in negative statementsThe manager will brook no argument.
- budgetverbB1to plan carefully how to spend moneyStudents need to budget carefully.
- buildverbA1to make a building or other structure by putting parts togetherThey built a new school in our town.
- buyverbA1to get something by paying money for itI bought a new laptop yesterday.
C
- callverbA1to phone someoneI’ll call you tonight.
- campaignverbB1to take part in organized activities to achieve a goalThey are campaigning for better schools.
- capitulateverbC2to stop resisting and accept the demands of an opponentAfter a long strike, the company finally capitulated.
- careverbA2to feel that something or someone is important to youI don’t care what other people think.
- carryverbA2to hold something and take it with you from one place to anotherCan you help me carry these bags?
- catchverbA2to take hold of something that is moving through the airHe caught the ball with one hand.
- causeverbB1to make something happen, usually something badThe storm caused a lot of damage.
- cedeverbC2to give up land, power or rights to someone else, usually unwillinglyAfter the war, the country was forced to cede territory to its neighbor.
- centerverbA1to have something as the main subject or focusThe story centers on a young doctor.
- chairverbA1to be in charge of a meetingWho will chair tomorrow’s meeting?
- challengeverbB1to question whether something is true or rightNobody dared to challenge the boss’s decision.
- changeverbA1to become different, or make someone or something differentThe town has changed a lot since I was a child.
- chargeverbB1to ask for an amount of money for somethingThe hotel charges $20 a night for parking.
- chastiseverbC2to criticize someone severely for doing something wrongThe coach chastised the players for their lack of effort.
- checkverbA1to look at something to see if it is correct, safe or as it should beCheck your answers before you hand in the test.
- chooseverbA1to decide which one you want from a group of things or peopleIt took her ages to choose a dress.
- citeverbB2to mention something as an example or reason, or to quote a sourceThe author cites several recent studies.
- claimverbB1to say that something is true, although others may not believe itHe claims he saw a UFO last night.
- clearverbA2to remove things from a place so it is empty or tidyCan you clear the table after dinner?
- cleaveverbC2to split or cut something apart with forceHe cleaved the log in two with a single blow.
- closeverbA1to shut something, or to stop being openPlease close the window; it’s cold.
- coachverbA2to train or teach a person or teamShe coaches the school basketball team.
- coastverbB1to move without using power, or to succeed with little effortHe coasted through school without studying much.
- coaxverbC1to persuade someone gently and patiently to do somethingShe coaxed the frightened cat out from under the bed.
- cohereverbC2to fit together in a logical, clear way that makes sense as a wholeThe different parts of his argument don’t really cohere.
- colorverbA1to put color on something, usually with pens or pencilsThe kids colored the pictures in their books.
- comeverbA1to move toward the speaker or the place being talked aboutCome here and look at this!
- commissionverbC1to formally ask someone to produce a piece of work for youThe city commissioned a statue of the poet.
- commitverbB2to do something wrong or illegalHe was accused of committing fraud.
- compareverbA2to look at two or more things to see how they are alike or differentCompare the prices before you buy.
- compelverbC1to force someone to do something, or make it necessaryBad weather compelled us to turn back.
- concernverbB1to worry someoneHer health problems concern me.
- conductverbB2to organize and carry out an activity such as research, a survey or an interviewThe team conducted a survey of 2,000 voters.
- conferverbC2to discuss something with others before decidingThe judge conferred with both lawyers.
- conjureverbC1to make a picture or memory appear in someone’s mindThe smell of pine conjures up memories of childhood holidays.
- consecrateverbC2to officially make a place or object holy in a religious ceremonyThe new church was consecrated last Sunday.
- considerverbB1to think carefully about something before decidingWe’re considering moving to the coast.
- constituteverbC1to be or be considered as somethingThis decision constitutes a serious threat to free speech.
- containverbA2to have something inside or as a partThis drink contains a lot of sugar.
- contendverbC2to say firmly that something is true, especially in an argumentThe authors contend that the policy has failed.
- continueverbA2to keep doing something or keep happening without stoppingThe rain continued all afternoon.
- contractverbB2to become smaller or shorterMetal contracts as it cools.
- contriveverbC2to manage to do something difficult, often by being cleverShe contrived to get a ticket for the sold-out show.
- controlverbA2to have power over someone or somethingTry to control your temper.
- convinceverbB1to make someone believe that something is trueShe convinced me that the story was real.
- costverbA1to have a particular priceHow much does this jacket cost?
- coververbA2to put something over something else to protect or hide itCover the bowl with a plate.
- cowerverbC2to bend down or move back because you are afraidThe dog cowered in the corner during the storm.
- createverbA2to make something new existThe new factory will create 500 jobs.
- cutverbA1to divide or make an opening in something with a knife or scissorsCut the cake into eight pieces.
D
- dealverbB1to take action to solve a problem or handle a situation (with “with”)I’ll deal with the complaint myself.
- debateverbB1to discuss a subject formally, giving different opinionsLawmakers debated the bill for hours.
- decideverbA2to choose something after thinking about itWe decided to stay home tonight.
- decreeverbC1to officially order or decide somethingThe king decreed that the day would be a holiday.
- deposeverbC2to remove a ruler or leader from power, often by forceThe king was deposed by his own army.
- depraveverbC2to make someone morally bad or evilSome critics claimed violent films would deprave young viewers.
- describeverbA1to say or write what someone or something is likeCan you describe the man you saw?
- designverbA2to plan and draw how something will look or workShe designs clothes for a famous brand.
- despairverbC1to stop hoping that things will improve, often used with “of”Don’t despair; things will get better.
- detailverbA2to describe something fullyThe report details the costs of the project.
- determineverbB2to find out the facts about somethingPolice are trying to determine the cause of the crash.
- developverbA2to grow or change into something bigger, stronger or more advancedThe town developed into a busy city.
- dieverbA2to stop livingHer grandfather died last year.
- disconcertverbC2to make someone feel uneasy, confused or embarrassedHis long silence disconcerted the interviewer.
- discoververbA2to find something for the first timeScientists discovered a new type of frog.
- discussverbA2to talk about something with other peopleWe need to discuss the budget.
- dispatchverbC1to send someone or something to a place for a purposeAn ambulance was dispatched to the scene.
- doverbA1to perform an action or activityWhat are you doing this weekend?
- drawverbA1to make a picture with a pen or pencilMy son loves to draw animals.
- dreamverbA2to see pictures in your mind while sleeping, or to hope for somethingHe dreams of playing for a big team.
- driveverbA1to control a car or other vehicleCan you drive a truck?
- dropverbA2to let something fall, or to fallCareful, don’t drop that glass!
- dwellverbC1to keep thinking or talking about something, especially something unpleasant, used with “on”Try not to dwell on your mistakes.
E
- eatverbA1to put food in your mouth, chew it and swallow itWe usually eat at seven.
- ebbverbC2(of the tide) to move away from the landWe walked on the sand as the tide ebbed.
- edgeverbB1to move slowly and carefully in a particular directionHe edged toward the door while everyone was talking.
- elaborateverbC1to give more details or explain something more fullyCould you elaborate on that point?
- eludeverbC1to escape from someone who is chasing you, often by being cleverThe thief eluded the police for weeks.
- endverbA1to finish, or to make something finishThe meeting ended at five o’clock.
- endowverbC2to give a large amount of money to a school, hospital or other institutionShe endowed a scholarship at her old university.
- engageverbC1to take part in an activity, used with “in”Students are encouraged to engage in class discussion.
- enjoinverbC2to order or strongly urge someone to do somethingThe doctor enjoined him to rest for a week.
- enjoyverbA1to get pleasure from doing or experiencing somethingI really enjoy cooking for my friends.
- ensueverbC2to happen after or as a result of somethingAn argument ensued, and the police were called.
- enterverbA2to come or go into a placePlease knock before you enter the room.
- entertainverbB1to interest and amuse peopleThe clown entertained the children for an hour.
- entreatverbC2to ask someone very seriously or emotionally to do somethingHe entreated her not to leave.
- establishverbB2to start a company, organization or system that will last a long timeThe school was established in 1890.
- esteemverbC1to respect and admire someone greatly, formallyHe was esteemed as a wise leader.
- exaltverbC2to praise someone or something very highlyThe poem exalts the beauty of nature.
- exasperateverbC1to annoy someone a lot, especially when they cannot do anything about itHis constant excuses exasperated his teachers.
- exertverbC1to use power, influence or pressure to affect someone or somethingParents exert a strong influence on their children.
- existverbB1to be real or present in the worldDo you think life exists on other planets?
- expectverbA2to think that something will probably happenWe expect the package to arrive on Monday.
- experienceverbA2to have something happen to you or feel somethingMany people experience stress before exams.
- explainverbA2to make something clear or easy to understand by giving detailsCan you explain how this machine works?
- explicateverbC2to explain an idea or text in detailThe professor explicated the poem line by line.
- exploitverbC1to treat someone unfairly to gain an advantage for yourselfThe company exploited its workers with low pay.
- extortverbC2to get money or something else from someone by threats or forceThe gang extorted money from local shopkeepers.
F
- faceverbA1to look toward or point in a particular directionOur hotel room faces the ocean.
- failverbA2to not succeed in doing somethingTheir first business failed after a year.
- fallverbA1to drop down to the ground by accident or from a higher placeBe careful you don’t fall on the ice.
- fancyverbB1to want something or be attracted to someone, mainly in British EnglishDo you fancy a coffee?
- fareverbB2to do well or badly in a particular situationHow did you fare in the interview?
- fastverbA1to eat no food for a period of timeMany people fast during Ramadan.
- fathomverbC2to understand something difficult after thinking hard about itI can’t fathom why he would quit.
- fearverbB1to be afraid of something or worried that something bad will happenMany workers fear losing their jobs.
- feelverbA1to experience an emotion or a physical stateI feel tired after that long walk.
- fightverbA2to use physical force against someone, or to take part in a warTwo boys were fighting in the playground.
- figureverbB1to think or decide something (informal)I figured you’d be hungry, so I made dinner.
- fillverbA2to make something full, or to become fullCan you fill this bottle with water?
- filmverbA1to record moving pictures with a cameraThey filmed the wedding on a phone.
- findverbA1to discover something you were looking for, or by chanceI can’t find my keys anywhere.
- finishverbA1to complete something, or to come to an endHave you finished your homework yet?
- fireverbA1to shoot a gun or other weaponThe soldier fired two shots.
- fishverbA1to try to catch fishMy grandfather loves to fish at the lake.
- flagverbB1to mark something so people notice it, often as a problemThe system flagged the payment as suspicious.
- flourishverbC1to grow or develop well and successfullySmall businesses flourished in the town.
- flyverbA1to move through the air using wings or an aircraftWe’re flying to Mexico next week.
- focusverbB1to give all your attention to one thingI can’t focus on my work with all this noise.
- foilverbC1to stop someone from succeeding in a plan, especially a bad onePolice foiled a plot to rob the bank.
- followverbA1to go behind someone or somethingFollow me, and I’ll show you the way.
- forceverbB1to make someone do something they do not want to doBad weather forced us to cancel the trip.
- forgetverbA1to not remember somethingI forgot her name as soon as she said it.
- formverbA2to make or create something, or to start to existIce formed on the windows overnight.
- forsakeverbC2to leave someone, especially when they need youHe promised never to forsake his friends.
- forwardverbA2to send an email or letter you received on to someone elseI’ll forward you the email from the manager.
- fosterverbC1to encourage something to developGood teachers foster a love of reading.
- frayverbC1(of cloth or rope) to become worn so that threads come loose at the edgeThe cuffs of his old shirt had started to fray.
- frustrateverbB2to make someone feel annoyed because they cannot do what they wantThe slow internet really frustrates me.
- fundverbB2to provide money for somethingThe research is funded by the government.
- furnishverbC1to put furniture in a room or buildingThe apartment was furnished in a modern style.
G
- gardenverbA1to work in a garden, growing and caring for plantsMy mother loves to garden on weekends.
- generateverbB2to produce or create something such as energy, income or interestThe wind farm generates enough power for 10,000 homes.
- getverbA1to receive, buy or obtain somethingI got a nice present for my birthday.
- giveverbA1to hand something to someone or let them have itCan you give me that pen, please?
- goverbA1to move or travel from one place to anotherWe’re going to the beach tomorrow.
- grantverbB2to officially give or allow something someone has asked forThe bank granted us a loan.
- grappleverbC1to try hard to deal with or understand a difficult problemScientists are still grappling with the question.
- groupverbA1to put people or things together in groupsThe teacher grouped us by age.
- growverbA2to become bigger or taller over timeChildren grow so fast.
- guessverbA2to give an answer without knowing for sureGuess how old my grandmother is.
H
- handverbA1to pass something to someone with your handCould you hand me that towel?
- hangverbA2to attach something at the top so it is held above the groundHang your coat on the hook.
- happenverbA1to take place, especially without being plannedWhat happened at the meeting?
- haveverbA1to own, hold or possess somethingThey have a big house near the lake.
- headverbA1to go in a particular directionWe’re heading home now.
- hearverbA1to notice sounds with your earsDid you hear that noise?
- heatverbA2to make something warm or hotHeat the soup for five minutes.
- heedverbC2to pay attention to advice or a warning and act on itShe didn’t heed her doctor’s advice.
- helpverbA1to make it easier for someone to do somethingCan you help me carry these bags?
- hitverbA2to touch someone or something quickly and with forceThe ball hit the window and broke it.
- holdverbA2to have something in your hand or armsCan you hold my coffee for a second?
- hopeverbA2to want something to happen and think that it mightI hope you feel better soon.
- houseverbA1to give someone a place to live or keep something in a buildingThe old school now houses a museum.
- humbleverbB2to make someone feel less proud or importantThe experienced team was humbled by a group of beginners.
- humiliateverbC1to make someone feel stupid or ashamed, especially in front of othersThe coach humiliated him in front of the whole team.
I
- identifyverbB1to recognize and name who or what someone or something isThe police identified the driver from the video.
- imagineverbA2to form a picture or idea of something in your mindImagine you’re lying on a warm beach.
- impactverbB2to have a strong effect on somethingThe new tax will impact small businesses.
- impartverbC2to pass on information or knowledge to someoneGood teachers impart a love of learning.
- impelverbC2to make someone feel they must do somethingCuriosity impelled her to open the box.
- improveverbA2to become better or make something betterMy English has improved a lot this year.
- includeverbA2to have something as one part of a wholeThe price includes breakfast.
- increaseverbA2to become larger in amount or number, or make something largerThe number of students has increased this year.
- indicateverbB2to show that something is true or existsThe results indicate that the drug works.
- insinuateverbC2to suggest something unpleasant indirectly, without saying it clearlyAre you insinuating that I lied?
- insistverbB1to say firmly that something must happen, used with “on” or “that”She insisted on paying for dinner.
- inspireverbB2to give someone the wish, energy or idea to do somethingHer teacher inspired her to become a scientist.
- instituteverbC1to officially start or introduce a system, rule or processThe school instituted a new attendance policy.
- intendverbB1to plan or mean to do somethingI intend to finish the report before Friday.
- interestverbA2to make someone want to know more about somethingScience has always interested me.
- interviewverbA2to ask someone questions in a formal meetingThe reporter interviewed the mayor about the plan.
- intrigueverbC1to make someone very interested and curiousThe idea really intrigued me.
- involveverbB1to include something as a necessary partThe job involves a lot of travel.
- issueverbB1to officially give or announce somethingThe city issued a warning about the storm.
J
- jetverbB2to travel by plane, especially often or quicklyShe jets around the world for work.
- joinverbA2to become a member of a group or organizationHe joined the soccer team last year.
- justifyverbB2to give a good reason for something that others think is wrongHow can you justify spending so much money?
K
- keepverbA2to continue to have something and not give it awayYou can keep the book; I don’t need it.
- kidverbA2to joke or tease someoneDon’t worry, I’m just kidding.
- killverbA2to cause a person, animal or plant to dieThe frost killed all the flowers.
- kindleverbC2to start a fire burningWe kindled a fire with dry leaves and sticks.
- knowverbA1to have information about something in your mindDo you know where the station is?
L
- laborverbB2to work hard or do something with great effortThey labored for hours to clear the road.
- landverbA2to come down to the ground after flyingOur plane landed at 10 p.m.
- lastverbA1to continue for a period of timeThe meeting lasted two hours.
- laughverbA1to make sounds with your voice because something is funnyEveryone laughed at his joke.
- layverbB1to put someone or something down carefully in a flat positionShe laid the baby on the bed.
- leadverbA2to show the way by going in frontThe guide led us through the forest.
- learnverbA1to get knowledge or a skill by studying, practice or experienceI’m learning to drive.
- leaveverbA1to go away from a place or personThe train leaves at 8:15.
- letverbA1to allow someone to do somethingMy parents let me stay up late on Fridays.
- lieverbA2to be or put yourself in a flat positionI’m going to lie down for a few minutes.
- likeverbA1to enjoy something or think someone or something is niceI really like this song.
- listverbA1to write or say things in the form of a listPlease list your skills on the form.
- listenverbA1to pay attention to sounds or to what someone saysI like to listen to music while I cook.
- liveverbA1to have your home in a particular placeWe live in a small apartment in Boston.
- longverbA1to want something very muchShe longed to see her family again.
- lookverbA1to turn your eyes toward something so you can see itLook at that beautiful sunset!
- loseverbA2to be unable to find somethingI lost my keys again.
- loveverbA1to have very strong feelings of caring for someoneI love my family.
M
- maintainverbB2to keep something at the same level or in the same stateIt’s hard to maintain a healthy weight.
- majorverbB1to study something as your main subject at college (US)He majored in economics.
- makeverbA1to create or produce somethingI made a cake for her birthday.
- manageverbB1to succeed in doing something difficultWe managed to finish the project on time.
- manifestverbC2to show something clearly, or to appear, often as a sign or symptomThe illness first manifests itself as a mild fever.
- marketverbA1to advertise and sell a productThe drink is marketed to young people.
- matterverbA2to be importantIt doesn’t matter if you’re a little late.
- meanverbA2to have a particular meaning or to express a particular ideaWhat does this word mean?
- measureverbB1to find the exact size, amount or degree of somethingWe measured the room before buying a carpet.
- meetverbA1to see and talk to someone for the first time or by arrangementNice to meet you, I’m Anna.
- mentionverbB1to speak or write about something brieflyDid she mention when she would be back?
- meritverbC1to deserve something, formallyThe idea merits further discussion.
- messageverbA1to send someone a message by phone or onlineMessage me when you get home.
- mindverbA2to be annoyed or worried by somethingDo you mind if I open the window?
- missverbA2to feel sad because someone or something is not with youI really miss my family when I travel.
- mortifyverbC2to make someone feel extremely embarrassed or ashamedI was mortified when I realized my mistake.
- moveverbA1to change position or put something in a different placeCan you move your bag so I can sit down?
- museverbC2to think carefully about something for a long timeShe mused on what might have happened.
- musterverbC1to find enough of a quality, such as courage or support, in order to do somethingShe mustered the courage to ask for a raise.
N
- nameverbA1to give someone or something a nameThey named their daughter Lily.
- needverbA1to require something because it is important or necessaryI need a new pair of shoes.
- networkverbB1to meet people who may help you in your workConferences are a great place to network.
- noteverbA2to notice something or mention itPlease note that the office closes at five.
- noticeverbA2to see or become aware of somethingDid you notice that she changed her hair?
O
- obtainverbB2to get something, especially through effort or an official processYou must obtain a visa before you travel.
- occurverbB1to happen, especially without being plannedThe accident occurred at about 8 p.m.
- offerverbA2to ask if someone would like something or would like you to do somethingHe offered me a cup of coffee.
- openverbA1to move something so that it is no longer closedCould you open the window, please?
- oppressverbC2to treat a group of people unfairly and cruelly, limiting their freedomThe regime oppressed religious minorities for decades.
- ordainverbC2to officially make someone a priest or minister in a religious ceremonyHe was ordained as a priest in 1998.
- orderverbA2to ask for food, drink or goods to be brought or sent to youWe ordered two pizzas for dinner.
- ownverbA2to have something that legally belongs to youThey own a small restaurant downtown.
P
- pacifyverbC1to make someone who is angry or upset become calmThe manager tried to pacify the angry customer.
- pallverbC2to become less interesting or enjoyable over timeEven beach holidays begin to pall after a while.
- passverbA2to succeed in a test or examDid you pass your driving test?
- payverbA1to give money for something you buy or for work doneI paid twenty dollars for this shirt.
- performverbB1to entertain people by acting, singing, dancing or playing musicThe band will perform at the festival.
- perishverbC2to die, especially in an accident or disaster, in formal or literary languageHundreds perished when the ship sank.
- perpetrateverbC2to do something harmful, illegal or wrongThe attack was perpetrated by a small group.
- persistverbC1to continue doing something firmly, even when it is difficult or others objectShe persisted with her studies despite many setbacks.
- pervadeverbC1to spread through every part of somethingA feeling of hope pervaded the room.
- phoneverbA1to call someone using a phonePhone me when you get to the station.
- pickverbA2to choose someone or something from a groupPick any card you like.
- pictureverbA1to imagine something in your mindI can’t picture him in a suit.
- placeverbA1to put something somewhere carefullyShe placed the vase on the table.
- planverbA1to decide and arrange in detail what you will doWe’re planning to move next spring.
- plantverbA2to put seeds or young plants in the ground to growWe planted tomatoes in the backyard.
- playverbA1to do things for fun, or to take part in a game or sportThe kids are playing in the yard.
- pleadverbC1to ask for something in an urgent, emotional wayShe pleaded with him not to leave.
- pointverbA2to show where something is by holding out your finger toward itShe pointed at the map.
- policeverbA2to control an area or activity and make sure rules are obeyedThe streets were heavily policed during the festival.
- practiceverbA2to do something regularly to get better at itShe practices the piano every evening.
- prepareverbA2to get ready, or to make something ready, for a future eventI need to prepare for my interview.
- presentverbA2to give, show or explain something formally to a group (pronounced pri-ZENT)She will present her findings at the meeting.
- preventverbB1to stop something from happening or someone from doing somethingWashing your hands helps prevent illness.
- processverbB1to deal with documents or information in an official or set wayYour order will be processed within 24 hours.
- produceverbB1to make or grow something, especially in large amountsThe region produces most of the country’s wine.
- projectverbA2to estimate what a future amount will be (pronounced pruh-JEKT)Sales are projected to rise next year.
- protectverbB1to keep someone or something safe from harm or damageSunscreen protects your skin from the sun.
- proveverbB1to show that something is true using facts or evidenceCan you prove that you were at home?
- provideverbB1to give someone something they need or wantThe hotel provides free breakfast.
- provokeverbC1to cause a reaction, especially a strong or negative oneThe new law provoked widespread protests.
- pullverbA2to move something toward you or along behind you using forcePull the door to open it.
- purportverbC2to claim to be or do something, especially when this may not be trueThe letter purports to be from the president.
- purseverbB1to press your lips together tightly, often to show disapprovalHe pursed his lips and said nothing.
- pushverbA2to move something away from you using forcePush the button to start the machine.
- putverbA1to move something into a particular place or positionPut your keys on the table.
R
- raceverbA2to compete in a race, or to move very fastHe raced to catch the bus.
- radioverbA1to send a message using radio signalsThe pilot radioed the control tower.
- railverbB2to complain angrily about something, used with “against”He railed against the unfair tax system.
- raiseverbB1to lift or move something to a higher position or levelRaise your hand if you have a question.
- rangeverbB1to vary between two limitsAges in the group range from 8 to 15.
- rateverbB1to judge how good something isCustomers rated the app four stars.
- ratifyverbC2to make an agreement or treaty official by formally approving itThe treaty was ratified by all member states.
- raveverbC1to talk about something with great enthusiasmEveryone is raving about the new restaurant.
- reachverbB1to arrive at a place, level or pointWe reached the hotel after midnight.
- readverbA1to look at written words and understand themI read the news on my phone every morning.
- realizeverbB1to understand or become aware of somethingI didn’t realize it was so late.
- reasonverbA2to think in a logical way to reach a conclusionShe reasoned that the shop would be quieter in the morning.
- rebukeverbC2to speak angrily to someone because they did something wrongThe teacher rebuked him for being late.
- receiveverbA2to get something that someone gives or sends youDid you receive my email?
- recognizeverbB1to know someone or something because you have seen or heard them beforeI didn’t recognize you with short hair!
- recordverbA2to store sounds or pictures, or to write information down (pronounced rih-KORD)The band recorded a new album last year.
- reduceverbB1to make something smaller in size, amount or priceCycling to work reduces pollution.
- reflectverbB2to show or be a sign of somethingHis grades reflect how hard he worked.
- relateverbB1to be connected with something, or to show a connectionThe questions relate to last week’s lesson.
- remainverbB1to stay in the same place or conditionPlease remain seated until the plane stops.
- rememberverbA1to keep or bring back information or an experience in your mindI remember my first day at school.
- removeverbB1to take something away from a placeRemove the cake from the oven after 30 minutes.
- renderverbC1to cause someone or something to be in a particular stateThe injury rendered him unable to walk.
- repealverbC1to officially end a lawCongress voted to repeal the tax.
- reportverbA2to give people information about something, especially in the newsThe paper reported a drop in crime.
- representverbB1to act or speak officially for a person or groupShe represented her country at the Olympics.
- requireverbB1to need somethingThis recipe requires three eggs.
- researchverbB1to study a subject carefully to find informationI researched the company before my interview.
- respondverbB1to say or write something as an answerShe hasn’t responded to my message yet.
- restverbA2to relax or sleep after activityLet’s rest here for a few minutes.
- resultverbA2to happen because of something, or to cause a particular outcomeThe accident resulted in two injuries.
- retortverbC2to reply quickly in an angry or clever way“That’s none of your business,” she retorted.
- returnverbA2to come or go back to a placeHe returned home after ten years abroad.
- revealverbB2to make something known that was secret or unknownThe survey revealed some surprising facts.
- rippleverbC1to move in small waves, or to spread graduallyExcitement rippled through the crowd.
- riseverbB1to go up, or to increase in amount or levelPrices rose sharply last year.
- riskverbB1to do something even though something bad might happenHe risked his life to save the child.
- rockverbA2to move gently from side to side or backward and forwardShe rocked the baby to sleep.
- routverbC2to defeat an opponent completelyThe home team routed their rivals.
- ruleverbA2to control a country or group of peopleThe king ruled for forty years.
- runverbA1to move fast on your feetI run three miles every morning.
S
- sanctionverbC1to officially allow or approve somethingThe council refused to sanction the new building.
- saveverbA2to keep someone or something safe from danger or harmThe firefighter saved a child from the fire.
- sayverbA1to speak words, or to express a thought or opinionShe said she was tired.
- scaleverbB2to climb up something high and steepThe climbers scaled the cliff in two hours.
- schemeverbC1to make secret plans to do something badThey were scheming to take over the company.
- scoreverbA2to win a point or goal in a gameShe scored twice in the second half.
- seasonverbA1to add salt, pepper or spices to foodSeason the chicken before you cook it.
- seatverbA1to have enough seats for a number of people, or to make someone sitThe theater seats 500 people.
- seeverbA1to notice people and things with your eyesCan you see the mountains from here?
- seekverbB2to try to find or get somethingMany people seek work in the city.
- seemverbA2to give the impression of being or doing somethingYou seem tired today.
- sellverbA1to give something to someone in exchange for moneyWe sold our old car last week.
- sendverbA1to make something go to a person or place, for example by mail or emailI sent you a message this morning.
- senseverbB1to feel or notice something without being toldShe sensed that something was wrong.
- serveverbA2to give food or drink to someone, especially in a restaurantBreakfast is served from 7 to 10.
- setverbA2to put something in a place or positionShe set the plates on the table.
- shakeverbA2to move something quickly up and down or from side to sideShake the bottle before you open it.
- shareverbA2to have or use something together with other peopleI share an apartment with two friends.
- shootverbB1to fire a gun or other weaponThe hunter shot at the deer but missed.
- showverbA1to let someone see somethingCan you show me your photos?
- signverbA2to write your name on a documentPlease sign the form at the bottom.
- singverbA1to make music with your voiceShe sings in a choir every Sunday.
- sitverbA1to rest with your bottom on a chair or the groundPlease sit here next to me.
- slayverbC2to kill violently, especially in battle or in storiesThe knight slew the dragon.
- smileverbA2to make your mouth curve up because you are happy or friendlyShe smiled when she saw me.
- sobverbC1to cry loudly while taking short, noisy breathsThe child sobbed in her mother’s arms.
- sortverbA2to put things in groups or in an orderShe sorted the files by date.
- soundverbA2to seem a certain way when heard or read aboutThat sounds like a great idea.
- speakverbA1to say words or talk to someoneCan I speak to the manager, please?
- spendverbA1to use money to pay for thingsI spent too much money on clothes.
- springverbA1to jump or move suddenlyThe cat sprang onto the table.
- staffverbB1to provide the workers for an organizationThe clinic is staffed by volunteers.
- stageverbA2to organize and present an event or playThe school is staging a musical.
- standverbA1to be on your feet in an upright positionWe had to stand on the bus.
- starverbA1to have a main part in a movie or showHe stars in a new TV series.
- startverbA1to begin doing somethingIt started to rain.
- stateverbA2to say or write something formally and clearlyPlease state your name.
- stayverbA1to remain in a place and not leaveStay here until I come back.
- stepverbA2to move by lifting your foot and putting it downSorry, I stepped on your foot.
- stipulateverbC2to state clearly that something must be done, especially in a contract or ruleThe contract stipulates that payment must be made within thirty days.
- stockverbB2to keep goods available to sellThe store stocks fresh bread every day.
- stopverbA1to end an action or no longer moveThe bus stopped outside the bank.
- storeverbA1to keep something somewhere to use laterWe store our winter clothes in the attic.
- structureverbB1to organize something in a careful wayStructure your essay in three parts.
- studyverbA1to spend time learning about a subjectHe studies law at college.
- stuffverbA2to fill something tightlyShe stuffed her bag with clothes.
- stumpverbC2to ask someone a question so difficult that they cannot answerThe last question stumped everyone.
- subsideverbC1to become less strong, loud or violentWe waited in the car until the storm subsided.
- sufferverbB1to feel pain, illness, or sadnessShe suffers from headaches.
- suggestverbA2to give an idea or plan for others to think aboutI suggest that we leave early.
- supportverbA2to help or encourage someone or somethingMy parents always support my decisions.
- surfaceverbB1to come up to the top of waterThe whale surfaced near our boat.
T
- takeverbA1to carry or move something or someone from one place to anotherTake an umbrella with you.
- talkverbA1to speak with someone and share ideas or informationWe talked for hours.
- tarryverbC2(old-fashioned) to stay somewhere longer than planned or to delay leavingWe tarried in the garden until the sun went down.
- taxverbB1to make someone pay a taxCigarettes are heavily taxed.
- teachverbA1to give lessons or help someone learn a skill or subjectShe teaches English in Vietnam.
- tellverbA1to give information to someone by speaking or writingTell me about your trip.
- temperverbB2to make something less strong or extreme, formallyShe tempered her criticism with praise.
- tendverbB1to usually do or be somethingI tend to wake up early.
- testverbA1to check or try something to see how well it worksThey tested the new software.
- thankverbA1to tell someone you are grateful for somethingI want to thank you for your help.
- thinkverbA1to have an opinion or believe somethingI think this movie is great.
- thoughtverbA2past tense and past participle of “think”I thought you were at home.
- throngverbC2to fill a place or move together in large numbersTourists thronged the narrow streets.
- throwverbA2to send something through the air with your handThrow me the ball!
- toilverbC2to work very hard for a long time, usually doing tiring physical workMiners toiled underground for twelve hours a day.
- tourverbA2to travel around a place, or to perform in many placesThey toured Europe last summer.
- toutverbC2to praise or promote something to persuade people it is good or importantThe new drug was touted as a miracle cure.
- tradeverbB1to exchange one thing for anotherI’ll trade my sandwich for your apple.
- travelverbA1to go from one place to another, often far awayThey traveled across Europe by train.
- treadverbC1to walk or step on something, often pressing it downTry not to tread on the flowers.
- treatverbB1to behave toward someone or something in a particular wayTreat others the way you want to be treated.
- tripverbA1to hit your foot on something and almost fallI tripped on the stairs.
- troubleverbA2to make someone feel worriedSomething is troubling him.
- tryverbA1to make an effort to do somethingI’ll try to finish by five.
- turnverbA1to move or change directionTurn left at the light.
- typeverbA2to write using a keyboardType your password here.
U
- understandverbA1to know the meaning of somethingI don’t understand this word.
- undertakeverbC1to accept and start a task or responsibilityThe university is undertaking a major study of sleep.
- useverbA1to do something with a tool, thing, or method for a purposeCan I use your phone?
- usurpverbC2to take power or a position from someone without the right to do soThe general usurped the throne in a bloody coup.
- utterverbC1to say something or make a sound with your voiceShe left without uttering a word.
V
- vacateverbC1to leave a room, building or seat so others can use itGuests must vacate their rooms by noon.
- venerateverbC2to respect and admire someone or something very deeplyThe old teacher was venerated by her students.
- ventureverbC1to go somewhere unfamiliar or dangerousFew tourists venture beyond the city walls.
- vexverbC2to annoy or worry someoneThe constant noise vexed the neighbors.
- viewverbA2to look at or think about something in a certain wayShe views the job as a challenge.
- visitverbA1to go to see a person or placeWe visited my grandmother last weekend.
- voiceverbA2to say what you think or feelMany parents voiced their concerns.
- voteverbB1to show your choice in an election or decisionDid you vote in the election?
W
- waitverbA1to stay somewhere until something happens or someone comesPlease wait here for a moment.
- walkverbA1to move along on foot at a normal speedI walk to school every morning.
- wanderverbB2to walk slowly around a place without a clear purpose or directionWe spent the afternoon wandering around the old town.
- wantverbA1to wish to have or do somethingI want a cup of tea.
- warrantverbC1to make something necessary or appropriateThe situation does not warrant such a strong reaction.
- watchverbA1to look at something for a period of timeWe watched a movie last night.
- waterverbA1to pour water on plantsDon’t forget to water the flowers.
- waxverbC1(of the moon) to appear to grow larger each nightThe moon waxes and wanes every month.
- wearverbA1to have clothes, jewelry, or glasses on your bodyShe’s wearing a red dress.
- weighverbB1to have a certain weight, or to measure how heavy something isThe package weighs two kilos.
- winverbA1to be the best or first in a game, race, or competitionOur team won the match.
- wishverbA2to want something that is not true or not likely to happenI wish I had more free time.
- wonderverbA2to think about something and want to know moreI wonder what time it is.
- workverbA1to do a job, usually for moneyShe works at a bank.
- worryverbA2to keep thinking about problems or things that could go wrongDon’t worry; everything will be fine.
- writeverbA1to make letters or words on paper or a screenWrite your name at the top.